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100 Years War 1338-1453

The Hundred Years War had been no continuous series of fighting during 100 years. During the whole period which covered the reign of five English kings (Edward III to Henry VI) and five French kings (Philip VI to Charles VII) - , wars and ambushes changed with ceasefirings, armistices and phases of peace.

During the war, England conquered considerable territory within the French Kingdom, but at last only manages to just keep Calais.

At the start of the war, the French King had to keep with several territorys of competing nobility within his kingdom. When Johanna of Orleans entered the scene, she managed to unite the rivalling nobel groops, who until then had followed their own interests. During the last period of the conflict, a national feeling united the French in their fight against the English invader.

Apart from few spectacular battles, the conflict exhausted the people by endless besieges of towns and castles and by destroyng vaste parts of the country, mainly in the north and west of France. A few times what first looks like dramatic victorys of the English, develops into longlasting campaigns followed by French domination at last.

The Battle of Crécy 1346 shows in a dramatical way that mounted knights lost their traditional domination on the battlefield against infantry with longbow, crossbow and powder and ball.

1356 at Poitiers the French army again is completely destroyed. King Jean "le Bon" gets caught, many a nobelman killed.

The English victory by a small army under King Henry V, who defeated a far greater French force at Azincourt (Agincourt) 1415 is followed by considerable territorial demands against the King of France. Now the hitherto devided parties within the French people start to rally behind their king to commonly fight the Invaders.

Besiege of Orleans 1429: The Virgin Joan of Arc becomes the rescuer of France as she arrives with a relief army to free the town. She guides Charles VII to Reims to be crowned and thus lays the foundation of the French Nation.

The victory of the French over the English army 1450 at Formigny forces these to withdraw from French territory.

National identification sign of the English army had been the red cross of St. Andrew, whereas the French fought under the white cross of St. Denis.
  1/72-92: Hundred Years War. Agincourt, Oct. 25th, 1415. English army (1)

One of Henry V´s personal standards / banner of St. George / fanfare clothes: 1 banner of St. George motiv, 1 royal motif / banner of Ralf Lord Basset of Drayton King´s General / banner of Sir Thomas Erpingham, Commander of archers / Robessart lance pennon / archer´s banner / Heinrichs V. Division banner of Holy Trinity / Sir Thomas Chaucer, lance pennon.
  1/72-93: Hundred Years War. Agincourt, Oct. 25th, 1415. English army (2)

Banner of St. George, 2 different / banner of Holy Edward the Confessor (probably flown in Henry´s Division) / The Royal Banner / banner of Thomas, Lord Camoys, King´s General, Commander of left wing / Sir Edmund de Thorpe´s banner / Earl of Pembroke´s banner.
  1/72-94: Hundred Years War. Agincourt, Oct. 25th, 1415. French army (1)

Banner of Charles, Duke d´Orleans / Banner of Jean le Meingre, Maréchal de France / crossbow-company´s banner / Cross of St. Denis, 2 different banners as well as 2 fanfare clothes / standard of Duc d´Orleans / standard of Connétable de France, flown near d´Albret´s position.
  1/72-95: Hundred Years War. Agincourt, Oct. 25th, 1415. French army (2)

The Holy Oriflamme Banner / banner of Edward, Duc de Bar / banner and 2 fanfare clothes of Charles d´Albret, Conetable de France / banner of Mathieu de Montmorency / Crossbowmen´s company banner / banner, cross of St. Denis / standard of Duc de Bourbon / pennon of Jean V., Sieur de Poix.
  1/72-96: Hundred Years War. Poitiers, Sept. 19th, 1356. French army (1)

Banner and fanfare cloth of John II. king of France / the Dauphin´s banner / banner of Guichard d´Angle, Sieur de Pleumartin. Seneschall of Santonge and commander of the king´s life guard / Marschall d´Audrehem´s banner / Crossbowmen company´s banner / Amaury IV de Craon´s pennon / Robert de Moreau, Seigneur de Fiennes´pennon / Renaud V. de Pons´pennon / Oudart de Renty´s pennon/ Bernard Arneau de Pressac´s pennon /. Thibaut de Rochefort´s pennon.
  1/72-97: Hundred Years War. English and French armies. Mixed (1)

England: Standard of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. King´s General / pennon of Sir John Talbot / banner of Ralph Nevill, Earl of Westmorland, Rouen 1418 / king Richard II´s standard / Thomas Beauchamp, King´ s General´s banner. Taking part in John of Gaunt´s Expedition to France in 1373 / banner of John de Montacute, King´s General / Banner of Henry Despenser, bishop of Norwich, Flandres-Expedition 1383 / France: Jean, Duc de Berry´s standard 1388 / banner and fanfare cloth of Bertrand du Guesclin, Conestable de France with Charles V / standard and fanfare cloth with cross of St. Denis(from 1375 on).
  1/72-98: Hundred Years War. Crécy, August 26th, 1346. English army (1).

Royal Standard / Prince of Wales´standard / banner and fanfare cloth of Henry Plantagenet, Earl of Derby, Duke of Lancaster, King´s General / banner of Guy, Lord Bryan, King´s General / banner with St. George´s cross.
  1/72-99: Hundred Years War. Crécy, August 26th, 1346. English and French armies. Mixed

England: Standard and fanfare cloth with St. George´s cross / Prince of Wales´banner / Bartholomew, Lord Burghershe´s banner / Edward Lord le Despencer, King´s General´s banner /. France: Banner of Louis de Nevers, Earl of Flandres, 1. Division / banner of Genuese crossbowmen and infantry / Holy Oriflamme banner version / Royal fanfare cloth.
  1/72-101: Hundred Years War. France, Johanna of Orleans

French lillys: 1 banner, 1 standard, 2 fanfare clothes / the virgin Johanna d´Orleans both personal standards / King Charles VII of France´s banner / The Dauphin´s banner / standard flown near the king / standard with cross of St. Denis.